Epilepsy

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What is It?

This neurological condition causes the brain to send out electrical energy in bursts.  In other words, there is a disruption in the balance between increased activity and restraint.  This happens because the brain tissues have been changed, resulting from a number of causes such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, tumors, infections (such as meningitis and AIDS), and conditions and disorders present from birth. 

This activity in the brain results in changes in consciousness and behavior, specifically, seizures.  There are different types of seizures: petit mal, grand mal, and partial or focal seizure.  One side of the brain may be affected, or both.  Having a seizure does not necessarily mean it is epilepsy, though if it is a recurring problem, epilepsy is likely.

How can Epilepsy be Treated?

The first step is to have a doctor take a detailed look at your brain and nervous system.  An EEG will be used to look at the brains electrical activity.  Usually a person with epilepsy will show abnormal activity, and sometimes the EEG can indicate where the seizures start.  Other blood tests may be done to figure out other causes.  Based on what is found, anticonvulsants may be prescribed and must be taken regularly.  If the cause is a tumor or other abnormalities in the brain, surgery may be necessary.  Also, if a person does not respond to different medications, surgery may be the next option.

To prevent seizures from occurring, medications, avoiding stress, getting adequate sleep, and even special diets may help.  Safeguarding the home from any potential dangers during a seizure is important, as well as practicing safety during exercise.  Some people have found having a specially trained dog to be very helpful.  Training of companion dogs is done by great programs such as Canine Assistants.

Some Statistics

Seizures can occur at any age, the causes varying depending on age:

About 10% of people in the US will experience a seizure, of which 3% will be diagnosed with epilepsy by the age of 80.  In the US in 2010, about 140,000 people were diagnosed with epilepsy.  Annually, epilepsy has an annual cost of over $15 billion in medical costs and lost earnings.

Sources

http://www.epilepsyadvocate.com

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001714/

http://www.cdc.gov/epilepsy/