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Lab 4-Alanna DeGroot

Page history last edited by Alanna DeGroot 4 years, 1 month ago

Histology of the Heart- Alanna DeGroot 

 

Image result for histology of the heartThis illustration shows the parts of the heart. Blood enters the right atrium through an upper, superior vena cava and a lower, inferior vena cava. From the right atrium, blood flows through the funnel-shaped tricuspid valve into the right ventricle. Blood then travels up and through the pulmonary valve into the pulmonary artery. Blood re-enters the heart through the pulmonary veins, and travels down from the left atrium, through the mitral valve, into the right ventricle. Blood then travels up through the aortic valve, into the aorta. The tricuspid and mitral valves are atrioventricular and funnel-shaped. The pulmonary and aortic valves are semilunar and slightly curved. An inset shows a cross section of the heart. The myocardium is the thick muscle layer. The inside of the heart is protected by the endocardium, and the outside is protected by the pericardium.

 

Structure: 

The heart is split up into 3 layers the myocardium, epicardium, and the endocardium these layers are all enclosed in the pericardium. It is then divided into four chambers the two ventricles and the two atria, one of each of these is located on each side of the heart. The endocardium is the inner wall lining of the heart. The myocardium is the middle and biggest layer, it contains the muscle of the heart. The epicardium is part of the pericardium in that it is outer layer of cells that lays on top of the pericaridum. The pericardium is a membranous layered structure. The pericardium protects the heart from other structures around it and helps to lower the friction when the heart is pumping. Blood is supplied to the heart from its own arteries called the coronary arteries. These are arteries are the crown like structure seen on top of the aorta. 

 

Function: 

Blood flows into the atria and is pumped out by the ventricles. The superior and inferior vena cavas send deoxygenated blood into the right atrium. The superior vena cava takes the blood from the major jugular artery to the brain and the veins in the arms. The inferior vena cava takes the blood flowing from the legs and organs in the lower body. Blood flowing directly from the heart through the coronary sinus is also received by the right atrium. Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps the blood to the pulmonary arteries in the lungs so that oxygen can be added back into the blood. Oxygenated blood then flows from the pulmonary veins into the left atrium passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. Blood is then pumped out of the left ventricle via the aorta to the rest of the body. 

 

 

 

References: 

https://cardiovascularsystemud.weebly.com/the-histology.html

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545143/

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/structure-of-the-heart/

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