Histology of the Heart- Alanna DeGroot
Structure:
The heart is split up into 3 layers the myocardium, epicardium, and the endocardium these layers are all enclosed in the pericardium. It is then divided into four chambers the two ventricles and the two atria, one of each of these is located on each side of the heart. The endocardium is the inner wall lining of the heart. The myocardium is the middle and biggest layer, it contains the muscle of the heart. The epicardium is part of the pericardium in that it is outer layer of cells that lays on top of the pericaridum. The pericardium is a membranous layered structure. The pericardium protects the heart from other structures around it and helps to lower the friction when the heart is pumping. Blood is supplied to the heart from its own arteries called the coronary arteries. These are arteries are the crown like structure seen on top of the aorta.
Function:
Blood flows into the atria and is pumped out by the ventricles. The superior and inferior vena cavas send deoxygenated blood into the right atrium. The superior vena cava takes the blood from the major jugular artery to the brain and the veins in the arms. The inferior vena cava takes the blood flowing from the legs and organs in the lower body. Blood flowing directly from the heart through the coronary sinus is also received by the right atrium. Blood flows from the right atrium through the tricuspid valve and into the right ventricle. The right ventricle then pumps the blood to the pulmonary arteries in the lungs so that oxygen can be added back into the blood. Oxygenated blood then flows from the pulmonary veins into the left atrium passes through the bicuspid valve and into the left ventricle. Blood is then pumped out of the left ventricle via the aorta to the rest of the body.
References:
https://cardiovascularsystemud.weebly.com/the-histology.html
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK545143/
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wm-biology2/chapter/structure-of-the-heart/
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