Endoplasmic Reticulum
by
Elisa Ruiz
Cell Structure/ Location
The structure of the endoplasmic reticulum covers most of the cell. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum in the cell called the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The rough endoplasmic reticulum is larger and looks thin. The RER has ribosomes attached to the outside of it to make it look like it has a bumpy outer surface. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is more tube like and has a smooth outer surface. The RER is located around the nucleus of the cell and the SER is located on the outside of the RER.
Function
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
The RER forms the link between the nucleus and cell membrane. The direct connection to the nucleus and cell membrane allows molecules to move through the membranes. The RER is where the synthesis of proteins takes place. When ribosomes set up amino acids into systems of proteins it is then sent to the RER. After passing through the RER it is then sent to the golgi apparatus for more processing. The RER also plays a role in the destruction of damaged organelles.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The SER is the place where lipid metabolism takes place. Lipid macromolecules are broken down and stored. The SER is important because it also stores other things like calcium, steroid hormones, phospholipids and sebum. The SER also helps in the cleansing process of poisonous substances like carcinogens. This storing and packaging system to our bodies when we are active. When we are resting the SER is working on packaging and storing necessary ions for later use.
Unique Characteristics
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
Our pancreas is the site of an abundance of RER. The pancreas creates protein insulin and RER assists in the process. Other places that contain a lot of RER are places that create immune proteins like plasma cells and white blood cells.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
The liver contains a large amount of SER. The liver helps to remove alcohol from our blood streams. SER helps to aid in this process by its packaging and storing system. Another place in the body where there is an abundance of SER is places where lipid containing hormones are found. Places that contain lipid hormones are in the testes and ovaries.
URL Sources:
https://www.earthslab.com/physiology/endoplasmic-reticulum/
http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html
https://science.jrank.org/pages/1312/Cell-Endoplasmic-reticulum.html
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